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Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

Navaz Fouladzari AIA

Navaz Fouladzari AIA01-09-2024 04:47 PM

  • 1.  Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-06-2024 01:29 PM

    I've come across projects where an Architect was responsible for the design, yet the Owner chose not to engage an Architect during construction for construction administration, for tasks like response to RFIs, submittal/shop drawing reviews. The Owner has excluded Architect involvement during construction.

     

    According to AIA Form A201, it is recommended that projects designed by an Architect should be administered by an Architect, either the original designer or another qualified professional What are your thoughts on this matter?

    Thank you.

     

    Ghader A. Mirak, AIA, NCARB, LEED AP

    Frisco, Texas

     

     

    Sent from Mail for Windows

     


    Virus-free.www.avg.com


  • 2.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-08-2024 05:26 PM

    Is this a case where design architect is eliminated but the Architect of Record was still retained?

     

    SGALogoBL&Grays500-313    

    Todd Stone, AIA

    Principal  Architect / CEO (Chief Elevating Officer)

    stonegrouparchitects.com

     

    East Side Fire Station

    Sioux Falls, SD -         600 E. 7th Street

                                        Sioux Falls, SD 57103

                                         605.271.1144

     

    Railroad Depot

    Sioux City, IA -           117 Pierce Street, #110

                                         Sioux City, IA 51101

                                         712.252.4014

     

    Case /Court Building

    St. Paul, MN -            2550 University Ave W, Suite 325S

                                         St. Paul, MN 55114

                                         952.476.5850

     

    Case Plaza

    Fargo, ND -                 1  2nd Street North

                                         Case Plaza, Suite 226

                                         Fargo, ND 58102

                                         218.233.2062

     

    HDR Building

    Rapid City, SD -          703 Main Street, Suite 201

                                            Rapid City, SD 57701

                                            605-431-9832

     

     






  • 3.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-08-2024 06:47 PM
    Check a previous discussion from 2019 - "Waiving Liability w/ no CA service". Many seem to echo "check with your lawyer" and "your liability isn't waived if you are not hired for CCA aka construction phase services". Also may be different from state to state.


    ------------------------------
    Janene Christopher AIA
    Steinberg Hart
    San Diego CA
    ------------------------------



  • 4.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-09-2024 11:38 AM

    What is the question here?  The replies are focused on terminology!  The issue is the involvement of the Architects in the execution of the project.  Some state statues require that involvement.  Let's focus on the issue!



    ------------------------------
    Tom Donoghue, AIA, Principal
    Donoghue Project Consulting, LLC
    Pittsburgh, PA
    ------------------------------



  • 5.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-09-2024 04:47 PM
    Edited by Navaz Fouladzari AIA 01-11-2024 10:17 AM



  • 6.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-10-2024 05:43 PM

    I was involved some years ago reviewing documents for a lawsuit in exactly this situation.  The Architect was not involved in the CA process, which left the contractor basically doing anything that they wanted adn subsequently  approving it.  There were no submittals, there were no as-builts, and no documentation of what was actually constructed.  I assume the Owner and Contractor just worked out the pay applications without any oversight.   As you might expect, the building leaked like a sieve, and the contractor's attorney was attempting to claim that the contract documents were defective.  I reviewed the specs -- but because there was no RFI or approvals process, there was no record of what was actually changed or built, so there was no way to assign blame for defective documentation to the architect.  (For the record, I thought the documents were a little thin, but they were adequate, such as using standard short form specification sections, where the long form might have been more suitable. ) Often in this situation, third-party testing is eliminated as well, "due to cost". 

    If the Architect is eliminated, the architect should discuss with their attorney having the owner sign a hold-harmless for any construction administration on the job, and any further interpretations of the documents.  (The architect's insurer may have something to say about this as well).   Some agencies will not permit the architect to be discharged from the project, but on private work this may not be the case.  In all cases, the architect should arrange contractually that they cannot be blamed for a contractor's misinterpretation of the documents or for a contractor/owner change to the documents. 

    Now, if this question is regarding the discharge of the "Design Architect" but leaving the "Architect of Record" on the project, that is a contractual issue between the two and should be resolved that way. 



    ------------------------------
    Anne Whitacre FCSI
    Senior Specification Writer, Principal
    HOK
    San Francisco CA
    ------------------------------



  • 7.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-10-2024 06:21 PM

    (Hi Anne!) I agree - need to have a hold-harmless agreement or letter warning the client of the risks associate with this. Several jurisdictions and lenders also require the AOR to sign off on the project when it is complete. That issue needs to be raised before services are terminated,too.



    ------------------------------
    Warwick Wicksman AIA
    Gensler
    Woodland Hills CA
    ------------------------------



  • 8.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-11-2024 05:58 PM

    Ghader:

    The AIA A201 makes no specific "recommendation" as to projects designed by an Architect being administered by an Architect, whether it be the original designer or another qualified professional. The A201 only stipulates the Architect's role in the construction for the purpose of informing the Contractor as to the extents of and limitations of the Architect's duties and responsibilities to administer the Contract for Construction and must be correlated with the Agreement that the Architect has with the Owner, such as a B101. The AIA documents are written based on the presumption that the Architect will be performing such services and, therefore, includes Construction Administration as a Basic Service to be performed by the Architect of Record. If the Project involves both a Design Architect and an Architect of Record, it is typically the AOR (who sealed the documents) that performs the Contract Administration or there may be shared duties with the DA.

     

    It is best to come to an agreement with the Owner prior to commencing services if the Owner intends to retain your services for Construction Administration and include such services in your Contract from the onset. In my career, I have NEVER accepted a commission without performing at least a minimum level of Contract Administration necessary for me to have reasonable control and input over the end product and also to be able to control potential liability by being involved. Except possibly in rural areas, the AHJ typically requires the Architect to be involved. Excluding the Architect from Contract Administration is very short-sighted and such clients who are only seeking your services as a draftsperson should be avoided if at all possible. If there are reasons, and I can think of very few, to accept a project without Contract Administration, obtain the advice of counsel and of your PL inusrer before entering into any agreements.

     

    Kindest regards,

    Mark

     

    Mark I. Baum, Architect, AIA

    1493040264519_PastedImage

     






  • 9.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-12-2024 08:38 PM
    Ghader: The relevant TBAE rule is 1.217 and it is worth reviewing from time to time. Even seasoned professionals are sometimes surprised by its provisions. In part it states," construction observation must be performed by an architect or someone working under the supervision and control of an architect (such as a project manager or associate in the architect’s firm). This architect need not be the architect of record. Contractors or other construction professionals are prohibited from performing construction observation, even if the owner request the contractor to do so. Of the three professions overseen by TBAE, the construction observation rule applies only to architects”.

    Sincerely,


    CLYDE PORTER, FAIA




  • 10.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-15-2024 07:07 PM

    This link goes to an AIA site that discusses  various state requirements for Construction Administration.   This matrix is nearly 10 years old, but it might provide a road map, especially if you do work in multiple states. 

    https://content.aia.org/sites/default/files/2016-05/StateXStateLawMatrix-Construction-admin_1.pdf



    ------------------------------
    Anne Whitacre FCSI
    Senior Specification Writer, Principal
    HOK
    San Francisco CA
    ------------------------------



  • 11.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-18-2024 01:55 PM

    This elimination of the Architect of Record, from any responsibilities during the construction phase, can be viewed as a good thing.  That is, if your only care is design, but then again... 

    When the project gets off track and your documents are involved, then you will have to start the meter with legal counsel.

    If the project is financed, and outside stakeholders are involved, the entity eliminating the architect, for the construction, of the project, will not indemnify the architect, who will have to understand "shared liabilities". 

    Many municipalities will obligate the architect of record to sign off on the project, before the next step in obtaining the certificate of occupancy is granted. And this phase of the job requires involvement and cost to the architect. 

    If you are "cut-out" of this revenue stream part of the business, then at the minimum do make sure the documents are covered by language for code-compliance building permit submission only. 

    Make it a point to let the lender and outside stakeholders know who made the decision to cutout the architect.

    This should be done through legal council.



    ------------------------------
    MARK EKSUZIAN
    Mark Dean Associates, Inc.
    Newburgh NY
    ------------------------------



  • 12.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-20-2024 08:06 PM
    I am an old guy.  I recall from my young times that Pennsylvania regulations required that the Architect be involved in the construction phase.  Can anyone point that out?  I haven't found it.  I recently saw reference to a Texas requirement.  I can't imagine any benefit to excluding the Architect from the construction phase.  The Owner might save a few dollars, but at what cost?

    Tom Donoghue, AIA
    Donoghue Project Consulting, LLC





  • 13.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-22-2024 09:10 PM

    Regardiing my colleague that said he could not find in the AIA documents where it says that an architect must be involved in construction, be advised:

    The AIA contracts are both standard form and model contracts.  Constructuction Contract Administration Services (please fo not Construction Supervision or Construction Obsevation or Construction Administration) is a phase that can be in or excluded or specifically limited.  

    However,  if you the Architect of Record, in your local Dept of Buildings or the applicant with any Code Construction Authority, read the Certification that accompanies your sealing and signing. 

    As an expert architect providing litigation support to attorneys in over 69 actions; NYS and NJ. Municipalities and the Standard of Card require that the professional of record attests and swears: 1,) that drawings as filed meet all applicable or governing  codes 2.) the project will be constructed according to the drawings as submitted. 3.) the architect will make periodic inspections in the field (in their opinion) sufficient to observe the quantity and quality of the work  and the conformance of the work to the drawings as filed. 4.) provide written certification of any deviation from those plans as filed. 

    Regardless if the Architect is retained for Construction Contract Services, the Architect of Record has made this atteststion to the DOB and the HSW of the public. 

    Douglas F Korves AIA 



    ------------------------------
    Douglas Korves AIA
    Edgewater NJ
    ------------------------------



  • 14.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-23-2024 05:58 PM

    Also, for users of the B series documents for Architect's Services (B-101 or B-103, for example), be aware that most of the architect's CA services are not described in the Owner-Architect Agreement but rather are found in the A201 General Conditions. This is a unique situation in AIA documents where one party's responsibilities are described in another related document. The caution here is if the owner heavily modifies the General Conditions or uses their own custom general conditions, your CA services may be altered or even eliminated. The owner is required to alert the architect if the architect's services are altered in the A201, but there's no guarantee that this will happen.



    ------------------------------
    Arlen Solochek, FAIA
    Owner/Principal/Founder
    Arlen Solochek FAIA, Consulting Architect
    Phoenix, AZ
    ArlenSolochek@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 15.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-23-2024 07:29 PM

    Great response comments here, even as th OP posits a hypothetical question.. and doesnt say whether said [hypothetical] project used AIA forms of agreements. So we begin in muddy waters.. Nothing new in that for architects during construction, eh!

    ASSUMING:  you'rer using an AIA B-Form of agreement, and you are, aren't you?! 🤠  As per Sec 2.5, the AOR actually crafts/has meaningful input into the const contract terms/conditions/negotiation. YOu DID use an AIA for of contract for construction, right?! Hypothetical question, sorry..

    Chase scene: if you neglect to have your nose in the tent for proper CA services at this stage by not using AIA Docs, you may not be allowed into said tent, state law or no state law provisions to the contrary - because this may only come out during litigation and you are paying a lawyer to defend your bad self. Unwise/unscrupulous owners and/or GCs may see it not in their interest to have the AOR on the construction phase team in a meaningful way such as is laid out in the AIA Docs. Or the GC may passively-aggressively exclude AOR from meaningful incluson during construction. Ever see a project with magically low number of RFIs? I know, your drawings and specs are perfect!

    AIA B-Forms' Sec 2.6 lays out how the CA services mandatorily intertwine with the construction and GC procedures/processes. This is structured to the AOR's and Owner's protection. The AIA B-Forms also include A201 by reference, thereby making A201 a part of the architect-owner agreement!  It then ties up any loose ends on modifications to the A201 and how that affect the AOR's CA services by... well, just read the contract! I'm not going to be silly[ier] and spoil it for you here.

    Last revenge for the CA-jilted AOR is when the Owner's lender demands that certificate from you. If youve failed to duly protect yourself, heirs and assigns so far, withholding execution of any Certs until you get massive LOLs, Waivers of Everytink, und Vast Indemnifications will be your Get out of Jail Free Card. Fun times.

    OP: next time use an AIA form of agreement for yourself and the GC. Or, Dog help you, if they refuse standard AIA forms and you have to wordsmith it barefooted, lawyer up and demand similar wording in any owner-crafted piece of paper s[he] shoves your way while tempting you with that check in the other hand.

    Lets be careful out there!



    ------------------------------
    Bruce Bradsby
    bdb/a
    Mesa | Bangkok
    ------------------------------



  • 16.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-24-2024 12:01 AM

    Doug,  I don't know who was looking for AIA language requiring the Architect to be involved in the construction phase.  I agree with your comments.  I do have a recollection of PA law requiring it. I can't find that. Could be a wishful memory.  I've only been at this for 50 years.  Plenty of time to grow memories!  Tom Donoghue, AIA



    ------------------------------
    Tom Donoghue, AIA, Principal
    Donoghue Project Consulting, LLC
    Pittsburgh, PA
    ------------------------------



  • 17.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-24-2024 08:25 AM
    Thank you Tom Donohue.  

    I also have been at this for a half of a century. I find these codes, laws and facts settling in my brain and are useful when the come to the surface in my expert cases.  

    The AIA needs to drill into and expound upon and formalize that what we provide is: Construction Contract Administration. 

    Actually, I will say it here: "the AIA needs to draft a separate 'Architects' Agreement for Construction Contract Administration."  The document should expound where:
    1. The architect is sole Contract Administrator (CCA)
    2. Joint CCA with separately contracted Consultants
    Not providing CCA Services 
    3. CCA services provided by CM or Owners Rep
    4. Architect of Record Responsibilities to DOB
    5. Architect is not providing CCA
    6. Where the project has multiple architects: Design, Executive Architect, JV, Design-Build
    7. And more.  

    Time to go back in the AIA Con Doc Committee. 





  • 18.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-24-2024 12:45 PM

    AIA used to publish AIA Document B209™–2007, which "establishes duties and responsibilities when an architect provides only construction phase services and the owner has retained another architect for design services. This scope requires the architect to perform the traditional contract administration services while design services are provided by another architect. B209–2007 may be used in two ways: (1) incorporated into the owner/architect agreement as the architect's sole scope of services or in conjunction with other scope of services Document, or (2) attached to AIA Document G802™–2007, Amendment to the Professional Services Agreement, to create a modification to an existing owner/architect agreement. AIA Document B209–2007 is a scope of services document only and may not be used as a stand-alone owner/architect agreement. B209 was revised in 2007 to align, as applicable, with AIA Document B101™–2007."

    It looks like B209 was discontinued and is no longer available, although historic copies can be read on-line. The closest current agreement is the AIA Document B201–2017 which provides the Architect's scope of services for Design and Contract Administration. This might be edited down for only CA services if desired

    Also available is AIA E205-2022, which is a long and comprehensive exhibit that is intended to be used in situations where a architect performs various services that can be selected menu-style for what is needed. Only the CA services might be checked.  It could be paired with AIA B102™–2017, which is a standard form of agreement between owner and architect that contains terms and conditions and compensation details, but without specific scope of services.

    Yes, we can get there, but we have to go all the way around the block to do it.



    ------------------------------
    Arlen Solochek, FAIA
    Owner/Principal/Founder
    Arlen Solochek FAIA, Consulting Architect
    Phoenix, AZ
    ArlenSolochek@gmail.com
    ------------------------------



  • 19.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-26-2024 06:53 AM
    Thank you.I studied and found it very useful





  • 20.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-24-2024 02:36 PM
    In California, the state practice act spells out the architect's minimum responsibilities for construction observation, which are 2 site visits, one at substantial completion and the other at final completion. The act also discusses that the architect is not required to make exhaustive site visits, unless that is part of the client-architect agreement. Make sure you state the number of site visits or define the compensation structure, etc. for the CA phase. 

    In this discussion I realized that some states require the architect to perform construction administration. I would highly recommend that everyone read their respective states' practice acts, bylaws, regulations, etc. where one practices architecture. Thar is the standard that you are held to no matter what your agreement with the client states. It's the minimum level of legal protection for both the architects and clients. 


    Daniel Guich, NCARB, LEED ap, CDT 

    STUDIO CONVERGE 

    415.683.9600 

    daniel@studioconverge.com 

    www.studioconverge.com 







  • 21.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-25-2024 06:34 PM

    Worth noting that that the Practice Act in CA does not require the Architect to perform CA.  It states (Section 5500.1 (b)) that the Architect may provide "any or all" of a range of services, which of course includes Construction Admin and Construction Observation.  It also states (Section 5536.25 (b)) that signing and stamping docs shall not impose a responsibility to observe the construction of the work.  

    I do not see in the Practice Act where the minimum responsibilities of Construction Observation (if/when it is provided) are spelled out as you describe, other than in very general terms ("periodic observation of completed work to determine general compliance with the plans, specifications, reports, or other contract documents") in 5536.25 (c).




    ------------------------------
    James Kelly AIA
    Gensler
    Los Angeles CA
    ------------------------------



  • 22.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-25-2024 10:40 PM
    I stand corrected. I must be mixing it up with another document. Thanks for the correction.  I will go back and read the California practice act. 

    Daniel Guich
    415.683.9600
    www.studioconverge.com





  • 23.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-27-2024 11:36 PM

    Daniel Guich.  

    The Standard of Care is not described or in the Lucensing law.  The licensing law is the practice act that defines the profession of Architecture, the qualifications and educational requirements, the composition of the board, and the use of the title and seal.  

    You will not read or learn about the Standard of Care SOC until you are the focus of a legal action or if you also practice as an expert Architect Witness and are evaluating the performance of another licensee while working with an attorney. 

    Licensing laws in states encompass other professions among which Architecture is one of them. These laws, as in NYS, are grouped under the enabling legislation that sets up these "Learned Professions".   The preamble before the qualifications and descriptions of each profession usually states general requirements such as: the purpose of licensing is to protect the Public Health, Welfare and Safety;  Licensees must be honest and of good moral character and must be graduates of accredited schools and have X number of years of internship before taking a specialized exam  

    No place does it say you must design safe buildings and inspect them in the field.  

    That is the preview of Regulatory Boards and Construction Code Officials in various Departments of Building (DOB).

    Regarding my comments on atteststion and affidavits, read every DOB submital and forms, permit applications, and sign-offs by you and your engineers and your consultants that you execute in a DOB.

    Designing, and what occurs in the field is the concern of the DOB and the Architect is the person is the focus of all parties when the project goes sideways. 

    The SOC is a the measure (in the eyes of a jury or fact finder of what you will be held liable to. it is a comparison to what any reasonable architect (not a starchitect) would have done on similar building with similar circumstances.

    A good contract is only an invitation to a legal action.  Liability Insurance is legal insurance to pay for your defense and the policy limit is goal of the other side to get. 

    i have provided litigation support for architects being sued by construction workers who were injured on the site and are banned from suing their employees by law 

    i have provided support for architects being sued for trip and fall cases or  not following accessibility laws which are not in code.  The SOC is the thoroughness and professionalism  that you conduct your practice, office. And the leadership of your employees.  It is ever changing and evolving as case laws and suits continue.  It expands and gets morre complicated as architects strive to improve sustainability and new standards of energy efficiency and LEED goals. Please note that nothing above is in a licensing law or code  

    Failure to meet the SOC in a building project is akin to a concert goer at the Philharmonic saying: "I did not like the performance, I want to go home with the Stradivarius!"



    ------------------------------
    Douglas Korves AIA
    Hunt Architects
    Edgewater NJ
    ------------------------------



  • 24.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-24-2024 03:33 PM

    Douglas,

    Can you please cite in the NJ Arch Licensure law where this specific standard of care is required?

    Thanks - Jim



    ------------------------------
    Jim Spinola, AIA, CSI
    Specifications / Quality Assurance
    Pennsylvania
    ------------------------------



  • 25.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-29-2024 10:25 PM

    @Douglas F Korves AIA 

    I'm not sure why you elected to respond to my request in another thread?  I assume, since you didn't cite where such requirements are listed, they don't exist?  A few examples of these AIA requirements or New Jersey DOB or AHJ regs will go a long way to help support your point.

    I'd also be very interested in how your E&O insurance carrier responds to design contracts that require you to 1) follow ALL codes, 2) how you can assure a project WILL be (clairvoyant?) constructed per the drawings (and specifications), 3) assure conformance of the Work to the drawings (and specifications) and 4) CERTIFY ANY DEVIATION from the plans (and specifications), rather than meet the design intent.

    "1,) that drawings as filed meet all applicable or governing  codes 2.) the project will be constructed according to the drawings as submitted. 3.) the architect will make periodic inspections in the field (in their opinion) sufficient to observe the quantity and quality of the work  and the conformance of the work to the drawings as filed. 4.) provide written certification of any deviation from those plans as filed."



    ------------------------------
    Jim Spinola, AIA, CSI
    Specifications / Quality Assurance
    Pennsylvania
    ------------------------------



  • 26.  RE: Design Architect is eliminated during the construction

    Posted 01-31-2024 10:44 PM
    Jim Spinola, 

    Thank you for your comments. I don't know what platform I am writing on as I hit reply under your name.

    Rather than ask where:what I stated as the Standard of Care (SOC) exists, I suggest that you speak to lawyers and read some demands in actions against Architects. Do remember that most architects do not get sued. I never was in 50 years other than as a 3rd party and had those later dismissed. 

    Speak to some of your legal sources.  Look at a few expert affidavits both in support of and against architects. Look at a case where a worker is injured on a job site and sues the architect.  Look at the cases where an architect is sued because the successful client's GC did not perform as perfectly to the demands of that large homeowner and the architect is sued for failure to inspect, coordinate construction etc. 
    You will see how the SOC is interpreted correctly and incorrectly. Speak to an architect who has been sued.  

    Do remember that the majority of actions settle.  So unless a case proceeds with claims and affidavits filed on court websites they may disappear with the settlement.  

    Architects think that it is not written on an application, or in a licensing law, an agency regulation, an AIA Contract, or if it does not exist somewhere, that you you can not be sued. 

    To return to the original point, be advised to be provide your most professional services preparing your Cintract Docoments when your Construction Contracr Administration Services are limited and/or non-existent.

     I suggest that tell your client that you should be replaced as architect of record and. Instruct your contract appropriately or spell out that relationship and responsibility. Speak to an attorney and your insurance carrier or another architect.