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The AIA Technology in Architectural Practice Knowledge Community (TAP) serves as a resource for AIA members, the profession, and the public in the deployment of computer technology in the practice of architecture. TAP leaders monitor the development of computer technology and its impact on architecture practice and the entire building life cycle, including design, construction, facility management, and retirement or reuse.

    

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How should schools prepare students for future software use?

  • 1.  How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-13-2021 10:19 PM

    I recently received a call from a local university that is trying to determine whether they are adequately preparing their students for the future, with respect to the different software platforms they teach. They questioned whether their current curriculum needs to be updated, and which programs would be best to focus on, acknowledging that small firms may utilize different software than larger firms.

    I think this dilemma not only occurs within universities, but within many of our practices. It seems everyday a new tool is launched, and there is more overlap between tools competing in multiple spaces. It's impossible to keep up. Rather than concentrate on the tools, I wonder whether the answer should be to focus on equipping our future practitioners with the requisite skills to master subjects that have emerged over the past few years, which have radically changed our industry. Two include:

    • Data – Be able to understand basic taxonomy of structured information, and manipulate it in a program such as Microsoft Excel. Having structured data allows for a more seamless transfer of information to a host of other programs, whether for further manipulation, visualization or the creation of 3D content.
    • Coding – Be proficient in basic coding; from Python to JavaScript, there are several languages out there for you to choose.
    This is just the tip of the iceberg, but I'd be curious to hear what you think. Should schools teach specific software platforms to students, or is there a better way to prepare them for the future? And if you had to choose a top 5 programs for the future, what would they be?


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    Joel Martineau Assoc. AIA, LEED AP, NOMA
    Senior Associate / Project Manager, Digital Practice
    Stantec
    Washington, D.C.
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  • 2.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-14-2021 02:23 PM
    Edited by Ryan E. Johnson AIA 07-14-2021 02:37 PM
    This is a great question!

    I completely agree with adding Data and Coding. I actually taught computational design one semester at a university, and at the very end of the class I realized that I didn't teach how to think computationally. I only taught the tool - and was a huge take away for me. If I were to structure a architecture technology curriculum, I think I would create a parallel track of data and drafting. Then they would converge and be intertwined later on in the curriculum via computational thinking.
    so for example:

    • Data Track
      • teach excel and a data viz program like PowerBI
        • data structures (like data sets)
        • simple data manipulation
      • Teach coding to show concepts like
        • how to "think" like a computer
        • how functions work
        • how to work with data
        • Open source
    • Drafting Track
      • Teach hand drafting to get student the basics without the frustration of software
      • teach CAD , specifically Rhino. I wouldn't teach ACAD (more on this later)
      • then move to BIM (Revit- mainly because its what most firms use)
    • Computational thinking track
      • This is where you combine the previous 2 tracks. By leveraging computational tools inside of Rhino and Revit you will approach problems differently as you understand how computers work, how data is structured and manipulate that data, to solve design problems and workflows. It also would help drive home and leverage the 'I' in BIM and how it could be used.

    In addition to all that I also would teach real-time viz tools such as Twinmotion/Enscape/Lumion. And then offer an advanced viz class where you learn Unity or Unreal and maybe throw in some Blender.
    ------------------------------
    Ryan Johnson AIA
    Clark Nexsen, Inc.
    Raleigh NC
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  • 3.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-14-2021 05:36 PM

    That's a tough question, but important to the future of our profession. I would imagine the final answer for each school will depend on the overall approach of the curriculum. More design-focused schools may lean away from 'tool training' whereas the more technical schools may opt to offer more technology-based electives.

     

    I went to architecture school from '90 to '95 and when I started, AutoCAD classes were all electives. By my thesis year, at least the intro CAD classes were requirements. Although most of my years at school focused on hand-drafting in design studios, they never actually taught me how to draw – I suppose that learning was indirect through critique of my drawings and via collaboration with fellow students.

     

    I would assume that Revit would be a required class these days – maybe not? We are 17 years into our implementation and we still get new hires who don't know it at all. Or...is tool training something that is independent of architectural education and becomes the responsibility of the hiring architecture firms?

     

    I taught an undergraduate class at NYU Poly for a few years that was a combination of understanding building systems + BIM – the former being the primary subject, but taught through the use of Revit. I thought it was a fun and interesting approach. But, would it matter if we switched it up each year and used Sketchup, Rhino, ArchiCAD, etc. instead?

     

    Looking forward to feedback from others.

     

    JAMES VANDEZANDE  AIA
    Sr. Principal  |  Chief Technology Officer
    HOK






  • 4.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-14-2021 09:00 PM
    Rather than Data and Coding, which are both important, I think the schools should be educating for some more fundamental thinking skills. There should be a deeper investigation into creating meaningful architecture where the form and function of the architecture expresses the cultural value for the community it serves. It should go beyond trite symbolism and support the organizational and social patterns and values inherent to the client community. It should move beyond appearance and style and capture the hearts of the client's community as well as the client. It should establish beacons of hope to strive for better design which is more than pleasing proportions but leans heavily on creating something that persists in the mind of the visitor and occupant long after they have departed the structure.

    There are many ways to accomplish this through site integration, detailing and thoughtful use of materials. Yet the most fundamental skill is not examined: understanding culture. Any group of more than two has a culture and cultural preferences, ways of being and ways of advancing toward their life goals. Do architects even know how to formulate the questions for this? Where is the cultural issues portion of the program? Where is the poetry that expresses the spirit of that culture?

    The second area is the flip side of the first. Not coding but code and the creative and accurate interpretation of it. Not simply the building code but code thinking as a process including energy, accessibility and zoning. Of what use is it to create meaningful designs if they must be bastardized before they can be built? Architects must be taught to understand the codes well enough not only to abide by them but to recognize when the beauty being created does not fit the limited scope of the code in questions. Then creativity must be applied to a applying a new paradigm of safety or risk management. Architects must be able to collaboratively write new codes, zoning ordinances, and energy compliance models that allow for the development of the art and heart of new (renewed) cities. Whether prescriptive or performance based a good design emphasizes health, safety and welfare. Welfare should include nourishing the spirit as well as the bank account and seeing to the well being of the surrounding community as well as the client.

    Where are the architects whose ideas began to reform cities in new ways? We still need them.

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    Louis Smith
    Microtecture of North Carolina, PLLC
    Charlotte NC
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  • 5.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-15-2021 09:48 AM
    Louis,
    You wrote the response I would have if I were as insightful as you. While it is encouraging that the university is reaching out to practitioners for curriculum advice, the question isn't the right question. Architecture education is not technical school and it is not practice. If students need to master a specific software, they can get software training at a local institute or online. Help students use the university experience to observe and learn how people use and are abused by their environments. Learn about values, collaboration, and communication. Learn about leadership. Develop students' orientation as life-long learners. Help them obtain enough exposure to the day-to-day experience of architectural practice to be ready to start filling in the gaps once they have left the protected environment of the 5 or 6 years of university experience ready to spend the next 40 or 50 years in the work environment.

    ------------------------------
    Philip Kabza AIA
    Principal
    SpecGuy Specifications Consultants
    Mount Dora FL
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  • 6.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-16-2021 05:40 PM

    Philip is correct about the duty of the academic program's mission. The most important part of the architect's development is how to relate and connect with people. Also, understanding of the big picture of the environment and the impacts of design on society. Anybody can learn Revit, AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, etc. outside the university. I can attest to that. I learned all the programs outside of school pretty quickly on the job. The aim of an architecture school should not be teaching the tools to perform architectural services. They should be intertwined with the overall academic programs with the greatest emphasis in becoming well rounded, worldly, openminded problem solving individuals.

    I am also for reinvisioning architecture schools that are more in tune with the technology realities of social media, data harvesting, construction techniques, 3D printing, etc. But looking at those technologies as tools to improve and assist in the design of the environment. I think someone mentioned mixing a data science curriculum with the traditional design education earlier in the string. Interesting concept and I bet will see a pilot program sooner than later, hopefully.

     

    Take care.

     

    Daniel Guich, AIA, LEED ap, CDT

     STUDIO CONVERGE

    415.683.9600 

    www.studioconverge.com

     






  • 7.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-19-2021 11:09 AM
    Hi Daniel,

    Great post. I agree that connecting students, architecture and technology should extend beyond the traditional architectural design suite of platforms. Information Systems and Data are driving industry business decisions beyond the built environment and it's time that young architects learn more about what drives these decisions and who their designs can impact the boardroom and strategic plans. Speaking as a professor of Management Information Systems and an Architectural practitioner I can attest to the untapped synergies for making the IS/Arch connection.


    Best,

    Steve

    ------------------------------
    Steven Sclarow AIA
    Assistant Professor
    Fox School of Business, MIS Program, Temple University
    Phildelphia PA
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  • 8.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-19-2021 11:19 AM

    Also – if anyone is interested, a group of educators that grew out of the US BIMForum created the "Academic Interoperability Coalition." You can check out their site here: https://aicbimed.com/

     

    JAMES VANDEZANDE  AIA
    Sr. Principal  |  Chief Technology Officer
    HOK






  • 9.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-19-2021 04:58 PM
    Thanks James. I also provided a little more detailed response.

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    Dana Smith FAIA
    Herndon VA
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  • 10.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-15-2021 12:16 PM
    Joel - I'm glad universities are reaching out to ask about this! We did not have required classes learning design technology when I was in school and I think that was a mistake. Technology is used daily in our profession and it needs to be part of school's curriculums. Students who have some experience using BIM / modelers like Rhino and Revit seem more prepared to enter the profession. I find most graduates are more confident stepping into their new careers armed with that knowledge. I spend a lot of time training and mentoring new graduates and new hires for our office and that has been my observation. They also have a much better chance of ending up at the top of the list for a large number of firms. I'm not saying folks need to be advanced users, but some experience with programs beyond CAD and even SketchUp is almost necessary these days. I would love to see an Intro to Design Technology taught in schools at a minimum. In this class you could get exposure to a lot of different programs including coding/visual programming (Dynamo + Grasshopper), visualization and AR/VR. Familiarity with tools available to designers is a step in the right direction. A colleague of mine recently proposed an idea to get firms involved in this as well - maybe various firms are invited to share their process / workflows and tools? It would help give students a better idea of what to expect once they've landed their first job.

    ------------------------------
    Christina Holden AIA
    Director of Design Technology
    Hastings Architecture Associates LLC
    Nashville TN
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  • 11.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-19-2021 04:52 PM
    This is an excellent question for which there are some significant ramifications. It also gets to the heart of education versus training. You are trained to use software, but you are educated to take on the larger issues and be prepared for change, which is inevitable. You were educated to write, not specifically trained in Microsoft Word, in fact, I worked with many word processing tools before Word, and may use many more in my lifetime. While training on how to use a tool is important, a vendor can provide that probably best. Since the question was "How schools could prepare students", the bigger picture needs to be presented through education. Technology is allowing interoperability across the life cycle, and we need to create "T" shaped learners and practitioners as one needs to be strong in their chosen discipline (in this case architecture) but fully understand where data and information are coming from and who are the authoritative sources as well as who else will be able to take advantage of the information you create, while you still own the copyright on the data. I recently delivered a presentation on that issue at the USC BIM BOP. The Academic Interopoerbility Coalition (AiC), a collaboration of some 80 universities worldwide, has been addressing these issues for over 15 years. A book entitled Developing BIM Talent: A Guide to the BIM Body of Knowledge with Metrics, KSAs, and Learning Outcomes 1st Edition by Wei Wu, Glenda K. Mayo, Tamera L. McCuen, Raja R. A. Issa, and Dana K. Smith was published by Wiley in April of 2021 addressing this broader issue. While it is focused on BIM it is very applicable to architects leading today's project teams. It is focused on academics, but should also be useful to someone attempting to understand the next steps they need to take educationally to continue to advance in their chosen profession. What do they need to ask of university programs to ensure they progress in the right direction, as many colleges are not yet producing the students needed for the future of our profession. The book addresses designers, contractors, facility managers, operators, and consultants. The book is available from Wiley as well as of course Amazon. A presentation is available on the AiC website from last months AiC meeting. (https://www.aicbimed.com/meetings) 

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    Dana Smith FAIA
    Herndon VA
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  • 12.  RE: How should schools prepare students for future software use?

    Posted 07-20-2021 06:06 PM
    I agree with everything everyone else is sharing here.   I would suggest in addition to the various current tools (which will continue to evolve and the list will need to be revised every year) I suggest a different angle to this.   Schools should also teach people to be lifelong learners and how to rapidly adopt software and evolve with the tools because that is the reality of what will be happening for the foreseeable future.   The is the real skill needed because no matter what you teach them in school in 10 years it will be different tools entirely or completely new functions with the tools you have mastered.

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    Matthew Petermann
    Perkins+Will
    Chicago IL
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